WHAT SHOULD I KNOW AND EXPECT?
Successful CAD/CAM data transfer depends on data integrity and continuity. Data may originate from multiple sources and be stored in a variety of places throughout the process. Very strict conventions and data definitions are required. The pick and place CAD/CAM interface is relatively simple. It requires the designer to establish a useable coordinate system during the layout of the PCBA then merge the coordinates with the BOM and reference designators. Many of the popular layout tools have this feature built in. CAM uses automated equipment to handle and align the PCBAs. This automated equipment requires the use of alignment marks or “fiducials”. Some PCB fabricators will add the fiducials automatically, some will not. Therefore, it is always best for the designer to add the fiducial marks and export their coordinates along with the component coordinates.
Data fields
The following data fields must be exported in the following order into a single tab delimited file:
1) Reference Designator (ie: “R1”, “R2”, “C1”, “U1”, etc)
2) A unique part number. This is the VERGENT PRODUCTS part number for turnkey products.
3) Description of the unique part number (ie: “RES, 10K 1% 1/10W 0603”)
4) Board side for the given reference designator. This will be one of two values:
“T” for component side or top. “B” for circuit side or bottom.
5) X Coordinate in mills
6) Y Coordinate in mills
7) Orientation in degrees (ie: “0”, “90”, “180”, “270”)
8) Polarity flag. This will be one of two values:
“”Y” for components that are polarity sensitive. (ie: Diodes, LED’s, IC’s)
“N” for components that do not matter. (ie: Resistors, certain capacitors)
A sample file is given in Appendix A.
PCBA Fiducials
PCBA should be designed with at least two 50 mill round fiducials.
The fiducials should be spaced as far apart as possible but within .250” from board edges.
The solder mask must be clear over the top of the fiducial. Fiducials should be identified using the part number “FIDUCIAL” and a unique reference designator.
Component labels
To ensure data integrity the labels on all part containers must match the BOM exactly. Abbreviations shall not be used.
Component presentation
The presentation of a component (reel, tube, tray, other) is critical to automation. If a component is presented in a different manner then the machine program must be changed each time. Where possible standardize on a particular presentation and enforce it in your BOM.
Cut tape
If components are inexpensive consider purchasing an entire reel as opposed to cut tape. While the cut tape may appear less expensive on the surface it can result in significant delays and costs overruns. Here is a real example for a 10K ohm 0603 resistor:
Cut tape: 10 strips of 10 at $.70 each. Price: $ 7.00.
Reel: 5000 parts. Price: $15.60.
The reality is quite different because it takes time to handle and manage the cut tape:
Cut tape cost: $ 7.00 parts + $17.00 handling + $104.00 feeder setup = $128.00
Reel cost: $ 15.60 parts + $ 1.70 handling + $ 10.40 Feeder setup = $27.70
Sometimes the component cost makes purchasing a reel prohibitive. In that case VERGENT PRODUCTS recommends purchasing a minimum of 100 pieces or the quantity required plus 20% in a contiguous strip.
Silkscreen
Reference designators should be places on the silk screen along with very clear polarity markings using IPC industry standards.
“Do Not Load” (DNL)
Components that have reference designators or a place to be loaded but will not be loaded must be clearly identified on the BOM. The nomenclature used in the industry is “DNL” for the part number. VERGENT PRODUCTS strongly recommends that all reference designators have part numbers assigned including the DNL.
VERGENT PRODUCTS has assigned the part number 999-99-99999 as the dummy part number for DNL.
PCBs and PCBAs are now familiar to us, but few of us notice things mentioned above.
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